CPTED is based on the theory of defensible space, but CPTED strategies and defensible
space have not been successfully implemented in most low-income, urban public housing
environments due to lack of resources or commitment. Nonetheless, four elements of …

This article reviews the current status of the concept of Crime Prevention through
Environmental Design (CPTED). It provides an overview of its history and origins and
defines how it is commonly understood and conceptualized. Globally, CPTED is an …

The purpose of this paper is to critically review the core findings from recently published
place‐based crime prevention research. The paper aims to critically evaluate the available
evidence on the contribution of crime prevention through environmental design as a crime …

This paper describes the latest stage of an ongoing attempt to update and upgrade CPTED's
concepts and actions and link them more closely to developments in architecture, design
and crime science. The concept of territoriality, for example, is central to the practice domain …

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Crime
Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach in reducing robberies.
Methods: CPTED evaluations were obtained through a comprehensive search mechanism …

This paper will argue that the effectiveness of CPTED ought to be judged in terms of the
extent to which it is successful in facilitating opportunities for active guardianship of places.
With this premise in mind, the CPTED component of surveillance will provide the focal point …

An increasing number of planning and design professionals are being asked to participate
in crime prevention as part of community and neighborhood problem solving. Unlike
traditional crime prevention practice, which focuses on security hardware, they become …

My name is Randy Atlas, the author and editor of this book. I am both an architect and a
criminologist. This does not make me a “criminal architect,” but rather an architect with a
different point of view. Using the reasoning skills I was taught as a criminologist, combined …

This chapter examines various reactions to C. Ray Jeffery's original work, including
governmental, architectural, academic, and corporate/business reactions. It discusses the
roots of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED), from which Jeffery's 1971 …

Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) has long been suggested as a
guideline for improving safety in neighborhoods. Yet, little is known about the application of
CPTED to urban parks. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adequacy of CPTED  …